Review of Mel Gibson as Hamlet Essay

In Franco Zeffirelli’s Hamlet he seems to have no intention of changing the material of the play or giving it any sort of new unique perspective. Some mscenes have been revised or talks moved starting with one character onto the next, but aside from the scene added after Hamlet’s father’s death where Claudius, Gertrude, and Hamlet argue over his body, being added, the movie is fairly accurate to the original play. From the film’s first scene, which happens not on the bulwarks with the phantom of Hamlet’s father however at the killed lord’s memorial service, we are bolted into Hamlet’s anger and disillusionment. Gibson plays him, there’s nothing adademic or neurasthenic about this irate youthful man; he’s not a hypochondriac. Rather, he appears to be somewhat foursquare and plain and all excessively advocated in his shock. Gibson’s execution is powerful and extravagant; he’s amusing to watch, and thereâ€℠¢s never a minute when he appears to be short of what sufficient to the undertaking he’s embraced. At the end of the day, he practically pulls it off. Where Gibson falls flat is in making the part his own. Not even once do we sense the performer feeling his route through the part, taking it inside and re-envisioning it for himself. Gibson peruses the part well, however in his grasp the verse never wakes up. He doesn’t thoroughly consider his direction his enormous monologues, uncovering them as he comes; he presents them, in the same way as an A person who’s carried out his homework. Thus, there aren’t numerous dim corners in this present Hamlet’s mind. Others in the cast make up sort of for this lack. There’s honest to goodness slightness and franticness, for instance, in Helena Bonham-Carter’s disentangled Ophelia; she’s similar to a cloth doll losing its stuffings. What’s more Paul Scofield’s concise presence as the ruler has an unpleasant gravity. Gibson has no less than one bravura minute, however. It comes when he jumps on his mother (Glenn Close) in her bunk after he’s wounded Polonius (the celestially confused Ian Holm), and there’s such exposed sexual animosity in the assault – and its met with such open ardor from Clos e’s Gertrude – that for a moment the relationship appears laden with until now undreamed-of potential outcomes. It’s a mixing, nervy meeting. This is Close’s best minute as well. Anyhow if the foundations of Gibson’s execution are in the twentieth century, Close’s are in the nineteenth. Generally she appears corseted and counterfeit, in the same way as a dramatic grande woman unable to relax. (Her passing scene, however, is  a genuine corker.) Bates admissions better as Claudius, especially in the last scene when, by mishap, Gertrude drinks the toxic substance that he’d planted for Hamlet, and the look all over turns into that of a terrible doggy sitting tight for its discipline. As an executive, Zeffirelli is preferred with furniture over he is with the Polaroid, yet in this last scene he does animate himself to a swashbuckling thrive. In organizing his â€Å"Villa,† Zeffirelli hasn’t exceeded himself or made saddling requests on the parts of his gathering of people that could be greater enthusiasts of Mel Gibson than they are of Shakespeare. What he’s carried out, basically, is strap a couple of skates on its feet and point it downhill. He’s made a populist, respectable and determinedly not for the ages.

Compare and contrast India and China’s population Essay

China and India are the two countries that have the highest population in the world. Both countries have realised that family planning and population control had to happen around the 1950’s for India and the 1970’s for China. This essay will seek to compare and contrast China and India, focusing on what the major problems facing both are, why have they both had to implement policies regarding population control, and the long-term and short-term effects that these policies have on the two countries. The major problem concerning China is over population. Due to overpopulation, the demand for energy to light every house and for petrol to fuel every car is becoming too great. With added pressure of providing for the people, more natural resources and fossil fuels are used up. There is also a shortage of jobs. China has a population of 1.31 billion people. In 2003, the total of number of unemployed people in China was 744,320,000. The World Bank said that the total unemployment level was close to 10%, though that is only the number of people who are registered as unemployed. The real figure would be substantially greater. China is faced with, because of overpopulation, lack of space. Approximately 137 people live on each square kilometre of China’s territory, China ranking 71st on the worlds list of the countries with the highest population densities. The world average is 43 people per square kilometre, making China three times the average figure. Also a pressing issue is the state of poverty in China, (due to the recent focus on a new type of capitalism, there are marked contrasts between rich and poor). The UN Food and Agriculture Organisation states that there is ample food to feed the population. The problem lies then in how effectively the food is distributed. There is also a severe lack of adequate education. In recent years, literacy rates have drastically decreased. Illiteracy for persons aged 15 and over for 1990 was 22.2% and for 2000 it was 8.7%. In 1964 the illiteracy rates for college and university were 0.5%, and in 1990 they were 1.6%. Read Also:  Good Topics for a Compare and Contrast Essay India faces much the same problems, though as the world’s largest democracy (population-wise); the way that the government goes about everyday things is quite different. Contrary to China’s system of ‘equally’ dividing wages and food, the Indian population have to work for themselves. As with China, India is suffering the brunt of overpopulation, shortage of jobs, lessening of natural resources, decreasing literacy rates, and a population  density level rivalling China’s. After the Chinese Cultural Revolution, once Mao Zedong had assumed power, he introduced a Five Year Plan that ran from 1958-1963 which was known as The Great Leap Forward. This vision failed and resulted in widespread starvation, being the world’s worst man-made famine. The death toll is estimated 30 million. Mao’s following philosophy was that â€Å"the more people, the stronger we are†. Families were encouraged to have as many children as possible, and an uncontrolled population boom resulted. China did not have the economy or the resources to support such a large population. Once Mao’s reign finished, the new chairman, Den Xiaoping, introduced â€Å"birth planning† to China, launching the law which stated that there can only be one child per couple, with some exceptions, such as if the first child was disabled and/or a girl, or if the couple lived in a rural area. This policy has been implemented in several ways. Incentives for only having one child occur, such as free education, better health care, and promotions at work and bigger houses. On the flip side, disincentives occur for people who are adamant on having more than one child. Such disincentives include demotions and fines, which can be four times a yearly wage. Forced sterilizations and mandatory abortions occur, in some cases as late as 8 months gestation. Since China is a communist country, community pressure is strong, not only pressure from the community but also pressure from the government. This pressure makes having one child seem to be a better option. National advertising campaigns encouraging the â€Å"one child policy† are commonplace. Around the 1950s, India was the first country to officially establish a family planning program. This program made birth control information to become more readably available. India’s government saw big families leading to continued poverty, and poverty hindering economic progress. Just as with China, India saw foresaw that the country would not be able to feed the masses of people, and the country would eventually use up all of its resources and the population would ultimately breed themselves out of existence. Up until the 1970’s, the government used no aggressive force to promote the use of contraceptives or sterilisations. They increased medical care and access to hospitals, and provided education for family planning. In  the 1970’s the government declared India to be in a â€Å"state of emergency†. Medical workers went out into the slums and poorer regions of India and forcibly sterilised women. The medics were rewarded for how many women they were able to sterilise. An effect that the one child policy has had on China is the improvement of the economy. When there was a larger population than there is now, the economy was suffering. Since the one child policy has had time to take effect, the population has shrunk and the economy can support the population. A negative effect that this policy has had on the Population is that there is an uneven balance of boys and girls. Female infanticide is more frequent, as are female abortions, because it is the common thought that males and prized more highly than females. Another problem faced is the â€Å"little emperor† generation. This generation is comprised of spoiled children that their parents have over-indulged. It is worried that this generation will have poor social communication and cooperation skills since they are the only child at home. There is also the â€Å"One-Two-Four† problem. This long-term effect says that one adult child supports two parents and four grandparents. This leaves the largest group dependant on retirement funds, the state of the family for support. To combat this problem, a couple who are both only children are allowed to have two children. The Indian population may have recognised the seriousness of their actions on the environment and their economy, but they can still do more. The government should follow China’s suit, put their foot down and make a laws about having one child per couple. It would be fair to say that India does not have a law, just advice. So far, the country’s policies have seemed to been ineffective. In the next halve a century, India will have overtaken China is the population ladder and it may seem like there is no stopping it. Actually, India’s rate of population is dropping. In 1991 India’s annual population growth rate was 2.15% and by 1997 this figure dropped to 1.7%. This means that India is actually making progress in population control. India and China are similar in their preference for sons, and it is so deeply ingrained in their culture that it is impossible to remove. Sons are more  highly regarded because not only do they help working on the family farm, but they support their parents in their old age. Similar views are held by the Chinese, where sons are considered luckier than daughters. In Chinese culture, the sons take care of his parents in their old age and the daughter looks after her in-laws in their old age. Since there is such a desire to have sons, similarly to China, the Indian population has a lack of females. Slightly higher female infant mortality rates are due to abortions of female foetuses, and female infanticide. The main difference between India and China is that India is the world’s largest Democratic country, whereas China is the world’s largest Communist country. Through looking at what the government has tried to do with controlling the birth rate, it is clear that China is much more effective on account of they are a communist country and that effects how they can go to any lengths without having the fear of losing popularity for since it is a communist country, there is no voting. India on the other hand cannot use as much force because the government has to be voted in by the people. In conclusion, China, as the world’s largest communist country, is able to enforce forced sterilization, and forced abortions, without fear of being voted out or losing popularity. This, in a way is more effective than India, whose democratic approach is ineffective because it is not enforced as strictly. If China had of continued under Mao’s philosophy of â€Å"the more people, the stronger we are†, and had not put in place population control, China would have used up all of their natural resources and would not have been able to support their crippling population. So is the same with India. If India continues to grow at the rate that it has been growing, India will suffer environmentally and economically. India is similar to China in their few that sons are better than daughters, and female infanticide and female abortion. Bibliography: http://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci/nov2001/421.pdfhttp://orpheus.ucsd.edu/chinesehistory/pgp/ho.htmhttp://countrystudies.us/india/34.htmhttp://www.columbia.edu/~bcp26/web-pages/consequences.htmlhttp://www.colby.edu/personal/t/thtieten/Famplan.htm’China’, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1991 edn, , Cambridge, vol. 15th, pp. 36.

Assessment Task-Cypop 14

Assessment task-CYPOP 14 Support children and young people to have possitive relationships. Part 1- The importance of positive relationships. Part2- How to support children and young people when they are in relationship difficulties. 1. identify the different relationships children and young people may have ? Parents, siblings and extended family ? Friends, enemies ? Doctors, dentist ? Social workers ? Teachers/tutors ? Carer’s Explain the importance of positive relationships for development and well-being (Learning outcome 1. 2) ? Children’s welfare can be properly monitored. Children are given consistent care. ? Children’s needs and interests are identified. ? Skills and ideas can be shared. ? Plans for children’s care and education are more effective |A sense of connection and belonging. Good relationships are really important for our wellbeing. Humans have evolved as social animals, so ability to develop good relationships is an extremely important ste p on the path to getting the best out of his or her life. we have a deep, natural need to connect with other people and to belong to a social group.This sense of connection and belonging comes from good relationships with the people around us – in our families, at work or school and with our friends. There is strong evidence that when we feel we belong, we will flourish. This section explains what makes a good relationship. It gives information on how you can build better relationships with children and how you can help children form good relationships with others. A child’s ability to develop good relationships is an extremely important step on the path to getting the best out of his or her life

Six Philosophy Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Six Philosophy Questions - Essay Example Empiricists argue that empiricism is simpler compared to rationalism. It is supported by a simple scenario; that a blind person cannot tell what a given color looks like. However, an experience with one’s senses can solve the case therein. Answer for Question 2 Metaphysics - This is a branch of philosophy that is mainly concerned with describing and providing information about how nature came into being in the context of the world. Immanuel Kant is a renowned metaphysics philosopher, whose contribution to this branch entailed pure reason critiquing. Here Kant presents knowledge under aspects of constraining factors, such that what we know based on our knowledge is limited and constrained by identifiable factors. Ontology – This is the study of categories that are likely to be assigned to existing things or those things that are said to exist in/on some identified domain. A philosopher by the name Parmenides is rated among the initial proposers of ontology, fundamentally in the aspects of reality and its nature. Epistemology – This is a branch of philosophy primarily concerned with the definition and description of knowledge. It defines knowledge and outlines the process through which knowledge is acquired. In this regard, the idea is to assess the process through which people come to know what they know. This branch was introduced by a philosopher called James Frederick Ferrier. Ethics – This branch of philosophy addresses issues of morality. This branch of philosophy is also called moral philosophy. Socrates is a great figure in this branch. He successfully influenced scholars and citizens to diversify their attention and integrate humankind conditions in their subjects. Logic – This refers to a formal and a systematic exploration of principles. The principles herein include but not limited to validate inferences, correct and right reasoning. The discipline of logic in philosophy was introduced by Aristotle. Aristotle made em phasis on the fundamental roles of logic not only in philosophy but also in other fields of study. Aesthetics – This is a fundamental philosophy branch that addresses aspects and concepts of taste and preference, art and beauty. It focuses on how beauty is created and further outlines how to appreciate tastes, art and beauty. Political Philosophy – This is the study of specific topics that directly influence coherence of people in a given social setting. These topics include but not related to law, justice, rights and freedoms, as well the formulation and implementation of governing codes by an authoritative body. Cicero is among the greatest influencers of political philosophy. The philosopher’s work was to mobilize and influence the establishment, growth and development of organized societies. Answer for Question 3 Rene Descartes, born in France in the year 1956 is remembered for his contribution to the field of philosophy. Regarded as the modern science found er, Descartes is a man who offered philosophy and other fields of study a whole new way of thinking. His thinking disregarded assumptions and emotional-based ideas and beliefs. His doubt elicited the conclusion that he only believed and accepted ideas that could be proved or those that constituted a direct observation through systematic deductions. His starting point

Alternative fuel sources for automobiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternative fuel sources for automobiles - Essay Example The increased use of CNG vehicles would make the United States less dependent on foreign sources of oil. The current supply of natural gas will last for generations and new drilling techniques are reaching natural gas locked in shale deposits. The process of fracturing the shale using high-pressure liquids is referred to as fracking. This new technique promises to provide cheap natural gas for well over a hundred years (Efstathiou and Chipman, 2011). Aside from the political benefits, CNG cars have very low emissions (Alternative, 2011). The greenhouse gas spewing combustion of current gasoline powered vehicles would be a thing of the past. While it is true that natural gas is a fossil fuel, and it is not a renewable fuel, burning it in vehicles will go a long way towards reducing our nation’s carbon footprint. Some vehicles that use CNG are Dedicated CNG vehicles, meaning they can only burn compressed natural gas. Other vehicles are Bi-Fuel vehicles, meaning they have small t anks that use gasoline as well as CNG tanks. The Bi-Fuel cars are popular because they have a greater range than Dedicated vehicles (Natural, 2011). There are drawbacks to CNG cars.

The sickness care system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The sickness care system - Essay Example In such a case, it is perceived to handle sicknesses and different kinds of illnesses through research; funding and other medical infrastructure thus deserves to be called as sickness care systems. In addition, healthcare system is associated with research of sufficient information concerning treatment of infectious diseases through dependent laboratories that are of significance to the community. Such a system is mainly concerned by eradication of an infectious syndrome. The engagement of technological and research systems that are geared towards the eradication of infectious diseases enables it to get a reference as a sickness care system (Gumbiner & Gumbiner, 2008). Majority often refer to the United States healthcare systems as sickness care systems simply because the government of the United States often implement a reactive model that is targeted at health and medical care situations. The model entails efforts targeted at forestalling clinical manifestations. Ultimately, prevention has been perceived as the most effective mechanism aimed at improving the societal wellness, healthcare systems help to reduce a bigger percentage of Medicare costs. As such, it is much more related to treatment care systems (Gumbiner & Gumbiner,

Macroeconomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Macroeconomics - Assignment Example From this discussion it is clear that public goods are characterized by non-rivalry, which means that after consumption, there are still in plenty for others to enjoy it. In addition, non-excludability is a characteristic that occurs when it is impossible to produce a good without the possibility of others enjoying it. On the other hand, private goods have a rivalry that after the consumption, it is unavailable to others. It is in this respect that they are possible to produce goods with the possibility of enjoyment of others. The non-rivalry and non-excludability feature characterize the public and private goods. The citizenship can enjoy both the two levels of goods with satisfaction.As the study highlights there is a free-rider problem in public good because of non-excludable. It refers to the ability where one cannot stop the other from consuming it. Non-rival also means that consuming the good does not lower its availability. An example for this outfit is the local police who ar e considered as a public good because of their non-rivalry. Local TV services are private as people usually pay for them. The variations based on rivalry index on goods makes them a concern for consumption and hence worth understanding.  A price index is a consideration that a manager ought to keep a keen focus on especially in determining the best product to optimize. I take a consideration of the two products A and B and subject them to the system, which shows that the marginal utility of dollar (z) MUA is 2 while MUB is 0.53.

Can grading systems influence the motivation of students in further Essay

Can grading systems influence the motivation of students in further eductaion - Essay Example It is hard therefore to determine the extent of the effect of the grades on the student’s motivation. Grades are positive reinforcers that could increase the probability of the behaviour that produced the consequence of reoccurring. He sees grades as powerful judges of students’ success or failure. But he also suggests that grades have limitations as motivators. He discusses research that suggests that grades can interfere with the learning process and the quality of learning when students are only working to get the grade and therefore decrease intrinsic motivation. He even cited research that showed that â€Å"good† grades could also create unmotivated students. Since grades have variable effects on student motivations, Docan suggests that the way the grades are offered may determine the effect on student motivation. The common systems used include competency-based or criterion based grading where students are graded on achieving a certain competency in skills, and the point systems where students earn points for completing work. He cites Bressette (2002) who found that the use of a plus/minus system serves as an â€Å"excellent motivator for students to continue strong efforts on all assignments and examinations right up to the last day of classes†. It was also reported that fear of moving to a lower grade from lack of effort might also motivate the student. The debate of whether grades and any grading system can act as motivators for students continues with Chulkov (2006) who posits that the design of the grading system is not important in motivating the student. Part of his argument is connected to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. He believes that though grades may provide some extrinsic motivation, they have no power over students who are intrinsically motivated. In this study where grades were used to motivate students to complete coursework, it was found that

Leadership style for Intel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership style for Intel - Essay Example In the first example, the company entered completely new market and gained superiority in this field; while in the second example, Grove has showed the world his ethical beliefs - the satisfaction of customers and high quality of products were of highest importance to him. Operational environment was like a chess playing board for Grove - he always anticipated what the competitors will do in response to his moves and then responded to their actions. Moreover, Grove was willing to share his knowledge and experience with other leaders through his writings. Not a single other leader has written so much about how to stabilize the change (Garten 26). In his books he explains how to increase the productivity of employees no matter what business they are working in. Grove addressed the issues immediately when they appeared. For example, in the mid 1990s the issue of competition was especially important for the big corporations. Grove has published a book explaining how the companies should deal with the small competitors who emerge suddenly and can change the shape of the industry. It was his nature to help other people to survive on the market. He has led his company to success and wanted other to succeed as well. Grove possessed exceptional... Intel was at the same time big and nimble as if elephants were able to dance (Garten 26). Grove was able to realize that size and speedy adaptability were critical to the global reach and has successful incorporated his cultural values into success of the company he headed. As Grove his noted, his greatest accomplishment was that he "played a significant part in developing the work environment and culture at the company and with the directors" (Garten 26). Grove has devoted his career to finding the way to motivate people. As his employees recall, is he wanted something, nobody had the right to say no. (Schlender 68). He possessed the ability to instill in employee's desire to do things right and the best of their ability, and employees did not want to disappoint him. As it was already mentioned, for Grove the responsibilities of CEO and the board of directors had to be separated with everybody having their own set of responsibilities. For example, he shifted the primary mission of board from pure oversight to helping the company reignite growth. When he became the CEO Grove has changed himself and transformed into another type of a leader, with governance issues being shifted to the board of directors. "In business he has shown time and again an uncanny ability to clarify and optimize complex organizations, business processes, and strategies by applying exacting standards and setting high, unambiguous expectations. Yet the real secret of his success is his ability to reinvent himself" (Schlender 68). This is what people think about Grove. As he recalls, the most difficult task for him was to learn to be silent. He realized that his opinion is not always the best and the only

Mergers and acquisitions as a response to the deregulation of the Essay

Mergers and acquisitions as a response to the deregulation of the electric power industry - Essay Example Mergers and acquisitions are such modes of growth. Mergers occur when two firms of equal standing concur to combine their operations under one shareholder group; acquisition is when one firm outrightly purchases another and becomes its majority shareholder. As to whether they combine operations or not and the manner they choose to do so are a matter of strategic determination, but it does not detract from the fact of the merger or acquisition as a matter of ownership (Daniel & Metcalf, 2001, p. 216). This report examines the fundamental theories behind mergers and acquisitions and gives a cursory examine of one such undertaking. Motives for firms to enter into mergers or acquisitions: (1) To improve efficiencies by reducing production costs, increasing output, improving product quality, obtaining new technologies, or providing entirely new products. A merger or acquisition may explore both operating and managerial efficiencies. Operating efficiencies come from economies of scale, production and/or consumption economies of scope, enhanced resource allocation, shift to a less costly technology or asset configuration, or acquisition of better skills, use of grand name capital, and so forth (Pautler, 2003, p.122). (2) To explore financial and tax benefits by diversifying the firms’ earnings with dissimilar earnings streams to lessen earnings variation. Depending upon regulations, tax benefits may be realized, as in situations where the law allows offsetting the acquiring firm’s taxable income with the acquired firm’s net operating losses to reduce future taxes (Pautler, 2003, p. 122) (3) To increase market power to the advantage of the merging fir ms. Where the merging firms each command a significantly sizeable part of the market, then their merger may well trigger a spate of other mergers by the competing firms, which result in virtual monopolies or oligopolies. These so-called â€Å"merger waves† were evident in three periods: the successive mergers in the 1887-1904 wave which were viewed by George Stigler as â€Å"mergers for monopoly,† the 1916-1929 wave he called â€Å"mergers for oligopoly,† and the 1968-1974 wave which Matsusaka termed the â€Å"conglomerate merger wave† (Stigler, 1950, and Matsusaka, 1993, both cited in Pautler, 2003, p. 125). After the passage of the antimerger legislation in the U.S. in 1950, preventing the merger of competitors with significant market shares, such mergers were allowed only after review and approval by U.S. antitrust and other regulatory agencies. In the UK, a similar merger wave was seen between 1948 and 1961, when 735 public companies were taken over b y other public companies, with two to three hundred other unsuccessful bids during the period, which Kuehn (1969) attributed to the effect of the valuation ratio as a constraint on the managerial utility function (p. 133). (4) Because of management greed, self-aggrandizement or hubris. A study conducted by Morck, Shleifer & Vishny (1990) showed that managerial incentives may account for merger activity that eventually erode the firm’s long-term value. Badly considered mergers may result in over-diversification, an ill-considered pursuit of growth, or merely bad acquisition decision. Oftentimes, the poor quality of the decision is not evident at the time it was made, and only becomes apparent afterwards. Matsusaka found that in the conglomerate merge

The branches of philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The branches of philosophy - Essay Example The branches of philosophy This paper explores these ethical perspectives, reviews relevant perspectives on ethics as an academic discipline, reflects the relevance of ethics among individuals and society, and identifies the key ethical perspectives, values and principles that would most benefit individuals and society. The course content convinced me of the relationship between philosophy and ethics as well as their components. While philosophy deals with the analysis of fundamental ideas and logical examination of the basic concepts of life ethics deals with justification of morality in determining what is right and wrong. In fact, ethics is only one of the branches of philosophy while the other three branches are metaphysics (deals with the ultimate reality and structure of existence), epistemology (branch of philosophy that examines the nature, types, and limits of knowledge) and aesthetics (branch of philosophy that explores the nature of beauty). The course also showed me how metaphysics, epistemology, a nd aesthetics contribute towards the making of one’s ethical perspectives. The course has also thrown light on the major ethical perspectives such as deontological teleological, aretological. It is worthwhile to analyze and apply these ethical perspectives and their sub categories into ethical questions related to homosexuality, capital punishment, environmental ethics, euthanasia, and abortion. For instance, it is worthwhile to evaluate the ethics regarding the issue of homosexuality from utilitarian as well as egoist ethical perspectives. ... For instance, it is worthwhile to evaluate the ethics regarding the issue of homosexuality from utilitarian as well as egoist ethical perspectives. There are for and against utilitarian ethical arguments with regard to homosexuality. Utilitarian ethical theories ask what brings the greatest benefit or least harm for the greatest number, they look at how the effects of homosexuality either increase benefits or minimize harms for the greatest number of those affected. As such, utilitarians who argue for homosexuality regard it as an orientation rather than a choice. They also hold that once the society accepts homosexuals the homophobia of the society will diminish. On the other hand, utilitarians who are against homosexuality argue that it contributes to problems such as addiction and suicide and that greater societal acceptance of homosexuality will not bring about greater happiness to the homosexuals. Similarly, one can find considerable differences in the deontological perspectives towards ethical issues surrounding capital punishments while comparing the deontological perspectives with that of teleological, utilitarian, retributive, abolitionist and egoist approaches. In the same way, the content of the course has been instrumental in providing me insights into environmental ethics which very often go underreported and unnoticed. I came to understand that the conflict between anthropocentric concerns and bio-centric concerns are quite evident in environmental ethics. Similarly, the issues of euthanasia and abortion discussed in the module also raise many ethical questions based on ethical perspectives. While utilitarian ethics tend to recognize the patient’s autonomy in taking decisions as to what will benefit them most the deontological ethicists

Lady Macbeths language in Act 5 Scene1 and Act 5 Scene 1 Essay Example for Free

Lady Macbeths language in Act 5 Scene1 and Act 5 Scene 1 Essay Ambitious, enthusiastic and assertive are merely few of the words that describe Lady Macbeth, a woman so controlling she convince her husband to murder the king. She carefully plans it out, but her obsession leads to nightmares, and further on a brutal suicide. The Act 1 scene 5 opens with Lady Macbeth, reading out a letter sent to her from her husband, regarding the encounter he had with the three witches and what they had said about the prophecies, and that he would become king. She then begins her first soliloquy, this doesnt just echo the witches prediction but also suggests how certain she is that the prophecies will come true Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be/ what thou art promised.'(Lines 14-15) She shows signs of her exceptional language from the start, and she speaks in blank verse, she emphasizes her confidence and sense of purpose in carrying out the murder by using iambic pentameters That I may pour my spirits in thine ear (line 25) she starts to build up her control and self-confidence, becoming so powerful she is more ambitious than her husband, the warrior of a great a army, but this is mainly because he is to soft-hearted, she uses the breast-feeding metaphor to describe this too full of the milk of human kindness,'(line 16) This in contrast to her wish that she be the man that Macbeth isnt, so that she could be in complete control, as the man is the one who is mainly in control, unsex me here,.(line 40) To emphasize her control of language and thought she uses balanced phrases between the lines May read strange matters to beguile.'(Line 26) She is also easily able to change her state of mind that is extremely compatible depending on the situation she is in. Her double sided nature can switch easily can switch easily, obviously this can be seen by the audience but isnt visible to the other characters. When the messenger enters the room, Lady Macbeth is still speaking of her plans on murdering King Duncan, and to avoid him understanding what she is saying she uses coded language and speaks in riddles, this also for fear that she is overheard and someone realizes what she is conjuring up for the future, to catch the nearest way,'(line 17) While the messenger remains in the room the change in her character and her language is yet again visible, she stops using ostentatious and sophisticated words, and instead returns to her ordinary self . Another incident which took place while the messenger was in the room, was when she got angry, this was mainly because she feared that she wouldnt have enough time to prepare and fully plan out the rest of the murder Thou art mad to say it (line 31) Once again proving her ability to switch focus especially at the right time, what is your tidings?'(Line 29) This also suggests how she is over powering the messenger and proving how authoritative she is. Her prevailing nature becomes so controlling that even tries dominating the evil spirits as she calls out for them come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts!'(Lines 39-40) And to dominating Macbeth she uses persuasive flattery Great Glamis! Worthy Cawdor!'(Line 53) And to demonstrate the control she has, not only over her husband but also over the entire situation, she uses imperatives, look like the innocent flower (line 64) she has become her own woman and fully responsible over her every action, no longer does she need anyone to control her, on the contrary, she will control them, and she has already done so over her husband. She can also vary the tone and pace of her language, the dark side that slowly started devouring her after she called for the evil spirits soon takes effect on Lady Macbeth, she uses fricatives to expose this, they are all words that begin with the hard C sound, and this is how she establishes her second soliloquy. She uses the fricatives mainly so that it would sound as if the raven himself was speaking, Creaks, Come, Crown, Cruelty, etc. Her role in the murder becomes so much more superior to that of her husband. Throughout the scene she enlightens us with her dominance and solid control, this is mainly conveyed through the way she speaks so much more than Macbeth, and he is hardly given a chance to speak, but this also shows how she is scheming the murder and you shall put/ This nights great business into my dispatch (line 67) Her highly elaborated and sophisticated language though out the scene is ended with a rhyming couplet, this emphasizes on the great reward which will soon belong to them. For them to become King and Queen which shall to all our nights and days to come, Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom (lines 68-69) Over all though out Act 1 scene 5 she shows great infatuation onto carrying out the massacre, the words that she applies into her language are imposing and dignified, to achieve utmost control, which was the basis for her success over persuading Macbeth into committing the murder. The built up to Act 5 Scene 1 is tense and the pressure starts to mount as Macbeth begins to face truth of what is going to happen, but he faces reality through fatality, and after contemplating what he must do, he tells his wife that he will not carry out the murder we will proceed no further in this business but to his displeasure, he is once again persuaded to perform the murder execution. The witches also tell Banquo of the fortune he is to achieve, and that his offspring are to become kings. He murdered Duncan in order to make the witches prophecy to come true, but now he plots to murder Banquo and Fleance so that witches promise to Banquo will not come true. Lady Macbeth suffers from a guilty conscience, despite being the main instigator of the murder. The scene begins with her walking in her sleep, and dreams that she and her husband are murdering King Duncan. The difference in her language, from Act 1 Scene 5 can be recognized instantly, you can tell this as she speaks in prose Yet heres a spot.'(Line 31) The sophisticated vocabulary and grammar are no longer a custom of Lady Macbeth, it is replaced by language which is almost of a childlike simplicity one, two, why, then its time to do it (line 34) This scene mainly conveys the manifestation of her guilt and how badly she feels about bringing the plan of the murder to this extent. This pushes her limits and certain actions question her sanity, she once again speaks in a child like manner The Thane of Fife had a wife'(line 41). Previously, she was in total control, but now the burden has become too much, she has become a broken woman, this mainly due to the fact that she had to play the role of the man, this can be proved as on several occasions she has had to play this role, for example, when she had to disguise the visions Macbeth was seeing after the death of Banquo. The disturbances in her mind have made her think without order hell is murky! Fie my Lord fie!'(Line 35) and remembrance of the past as she contemplates on what had happened heres the smell of blood still (line 48). As Macbeth and Duncan are two characters who have been the main subjects of Lady Macbeths mind, she relieves past conversations that took place (Macbeth talking to King Duncan), To bed, to bed: theres knocking at the gate (line 63). One of the things that she mentioned in her sleep was concerning the ghost of Banquo I tell you again, Banquos buried, he cannot come out ons grave (lines 60-61), this was the subject of a past conversation with her husband. The manifestation of her guilt soon becomes an obsession, still in her sleep and unaware of what she is saying and totally senseless. She is still able to speak about reality and what has been going on, she is also able to release her true emotions and express how blameworthy she feels would these hands never be clean?'(Line 42) As Lady Macbeth is in a deranged state of mind, the excuse that she was asleep is valid enough to cover up and hide what she had said throughout the entire period that she was sleep walking To bed, to bed, to bed (line 65). Lady Macbeths great ability to switch focus, use of impressive words, her controlling and convincing taunts and her authoritative state of mind, somehow fall to pieces, she turns into a broken woman. The tale of Lady Macbeth unfortunately ends tragically, her plans turn to dust, and her life ends in a brutal suicide. As for her husband Macbeth, despite becoming King his rein didnt last, and he was killed during a battle and Malcolm became king.

Transition of Politics in India

Transition of Politics in India ASHWANI KUMAR INTRODUCTION Politics in India has continuously evolved from an empire rule under the Mughals, to colonialism under the British, establishment of multi-party democracy to the current experiment with direct democracy. This paper has been written with the aim to understand and analyze the structure of politics in India from the British Era to the emergence of democracy, on the basis of three articles by Sudipta Kaviraj. The analysis will be divided into two sections; the first talking about the idea of modernity and establishment of a colonial state; and second on the establishment and functioning of democracy in the post-colonial state. MODERNITY and COLONIAL STATE According to Sudipta Kaviraj[1] modernity is not homogenous. There doesn’t exist a standard form or structure of western societies that can be reproduced in all societies; historical facts and experiences define ‘modernity’. The change in social practices which could arise due to coercive action or transformation by will make the experience unique. Substantiating this he gives the example of transformation of education in Bengal towards Western ideals leading to disappearance of the traditional schools. Further, the processes that constitute modernity are plural in nature due to their historical combination. Critiquing the functionalist approach in Marxism he states that taking the different historical accounts such strong functional characteristics that define the capitalist structure wouldn’t exist. A capitalist transformation via accumulation in all sectors doesn’t mean a homogenous system of social relations expressed as modernity. By this he bas ically means that considering that each sector would be unique with respect to their product relations and social relations, the act of capital accumulation by itself would not lead to modernity. It is the sequence of the processes and interconnection that define the nature of modernity. The transformation of India was a state driven process through these modern instruments in the absence of forces like the bourgeoisie or the proletariat. A modern state has two aspects to it; as an instrument its society’s capacity for collective action and, as an idea it’s a society based on the principle of sovereignty.[2] Collective agency and working via collective action are the pillars of modern society. Giving examples he elucidates how bureaucratic administration, collective consciousness towards a nationalist thought are all directed towards establishing a process of well-directed collective action. It is these modern processes on the basis of collective action through which t he government formulates policies and takes decisions. Here is where he states these policies of society are reflexive. We can define them reflexive in two senses, first that these devices of collective agency are directed to society as much as to other areas (like conflict, war prone areas). Secondly, the effectiveness of these modern devices were constantly monitored and reformed in case of failure. This rationality brings about options to arrange their own structures and learn from their own experiences, and this is what Kaviraj meant by recursive rationalization. This very idea of drawing to experiences and structuring society accordingly is why societies would not emulate the west. Every modern state is hence unique in its formation depending on historical factors and factors of strength of collective agency and rational thought. The uniqueness of structure of society in India lies in its social structure .This was the caste system on the basis of which value of human life and his role was established in society. Caste system was the basis of Hindu religion and even with the onset of the Mughal Empire there was no change in the fundamental structure of social order. There existed a dual system of power with both Hindu and Islam principles. Furthermore, the political power was limited to just ‘executive’ powers (of protecting social institutions or maintaining law and order) on the basis of social power governed under the caste system. Modern sovereignty as an idea was alien as even the political leaders were subservient to this social order and therefore did not hold any powers to reconstitute it. The subsequent process of colonization in itself was unique as it was met with hardly any opposition in the beginning; rather it was in some sense supported by the elite. The British entered Bengal as a revenue raising body and tried to gain control through commerce and revenue activities. This was easy to capture as the traditional society was not organized around the power of state, they did not control the entire functioning of the state. British introduced the idea of ‘state sovereignty’ and ‘different spheres’ of social life defining the political structure in society.[3] This led to condensation of functions and consolidation of power based on European history to formulate a state through techniques of disciplinary power, structure of welfare state and democracy. Before modernity regulatory functions existed through different agencies but the British concentrated them at the center. This is what created a ‘colonial state’ by using discipli nary techniques to bring the society under intellectual control. This idea of sovereignty established a state that had legislative power which could critically judge and restructure social institutions like the caste system, and this was superimposed by developing critical rational thought amongst the intellectual. Rationalism born due to intellectual growth disregarded Edward Said’s assertion that Orientalism led to submission of intellect (Kaviraj, Modernity and Politics in India 2000). This expression of common rational thought also created strong associations among the modern elite. With the establishment of ‘Rule of Law’ and more importance provided to community grievances rather than individuals, unified pressure groups began formulating by the elite. This logic of associationism was the creation of a colonial ‘civil society’. This civil society embarked to be the national leaders of tomorrow. Furthermore, the self-limitation of the state, the separation of the political and social powers in distinct spheres and the idea of self-rule that grew of it conceptualized nationalism in India. National consciousness was brought about through regional patriotism as articles in vernacular languages were brought into print. An idea of the nation state that would replicate modernity (Europe) would require a single language and a homogenous culture. But in India with diversity; a pluralist approach with a constitution granting regional autonomy and laying down the federal structure of powers was decided upon by the leaders. Modern politics was thus created not through imitation of the West but taking into account the historical processes and a self-conscious process of structuring social order according to the particularities of society. POST-COLONIAL STATE [1] Sudipta Kaviraj(2000);Modernity and Politics in India, Daedalus Vol. 129, No. 1, Multiple Modernities (Winter, 2000), pp. 137-162 [2] Sudipta Kaviraj(2009); The Post-colonial State: The special case of India ; http://criticalencounters.net/2009/01/19/the-post-colonial-state-sudipta-kaviraj/ [3] Sudipta Kaviraj(2000);Modernity and Politics in India, Daedalus Vol. 129, No. 1, Multiple Modernities (Winter, 2000), pp. 137-162

Deformations of the Deformed :: Creative Writing Essays

Deformations of the Deformed In my search of inspiration for creative writing projects I was sent to this Website by a professor. This was not just any Website it was THE Website for creative writers of any kind. From Andy Warhol to the boy next door their work is on this site and it’s quite different than what you find in any book at the local Borders. The site is ubu.com it’s dedicated to experimental writing with mixed media. The writers combine sound, images, and text to create works of literature that may change the face, or cover if you will, of any book ever made. The most unique aspect of this genre is that there can be very little actual writing. While yes, you can go on this site and see works you find in any book there are a vast number of projects that could never be in a book for various reasons most being sound. When I first came to this site I thought, wow how cool, I could look at this stuff forever. Then I read and read and listened and looked and read some more until s uddenly I realized my eyes killed. Not only that but I couldn’t really remember what the hell I just read. I had spent approximately three hours staring at my computer screen and could not grasp anything I took in. I also found the whole time I was reading I wanted to hold on to something; there was even a point when I grabbed the sides of my laptop to give the work a physical feeling. How awful! These were really good works of literature and I had just skimmed over them. No matter how hard I tried to read them in depth my mind would have nothing to do with it. Could this be an epidemic? Am I so conditioned to having books, physical entities I can smell, feel, and yes taste, that I cannot comprehend art on a screen? Or worse have I become one of those old people who refuse to adapt to new technology and cherish the way things used to be? I’m beginning to think so. I tried to fix this problem quickly. I thought of printing everything off and reading it that way but I’m not rich.

A Life In The Day Of Me :: Papers

A Life In The Day Of Me My mother knocks. The door opens. Bright light blasts into my consciousness; I cannot see. I leap out of bed to reduce the longing to return and the cold hits me like a slap. As you can probably tell, I am not a morning person - I never have been. I have learnt to hate them over the years. We have never had heating on until Mid-November because my parents insist that they can't afford to heat the whole house. This makes mornings a nightmare! Once I'm up, I can just about manage. I dress and eat breakfast to music. Music is a significant thing for me. My parents used to be in a band together and my mother is still trying to get a record-deal. She always likes to think of herself as a young and trendy mum. She is really into the house and garage music scene, but meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I'm a different story. Everyone in my family has opposite views on music. My mother and one of my little sisters, Heidi, like pop and garage music. My father, my youngest sister, and I like rock and Heavy Metal. This causes terrible arguments over what to listen to in the car or whilst eating dinner. However, the one band that we all agree on is Nirvana. I am a massive fan of Nirvana and have flags and posters of them all over my room. This is why I listen to Nirvana in the mornings - because nobody minds. By the time I get to school, I am (almost) fully awake. I have to walk to the station and get the train to school so I arrive at school feeling like I've been up for ages. Once I get my brain in gear it doesn't slow down. I constantly think - about everything! I occasionally come out with a random comment, completely off the subject because I've been thinking about it while everyone else is speaking. People have therefore got the impression that I'm slightly mindless because I never know what people are talking about.

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay -- Business, Corporate

The notion of ethics deals with people’s behaviors within a company. Social responsibility involves a company’s moral obligations and the manner in which the organization makes its decisions. Although ethics and social responsibility are similar on a conceptual basis, each has its own unique characteristics that express their differences and its independence of the other. Ethics and social responsibility have to be present and coincide with one another for a business to be ethically sound. Ethics is the application of one’s personal beliefs and the impact on how a person makes decisions regarding the relationships involving a company. The most common agents that involve a person’s decisions are owners, employees, customers, clients, suppliers and communities, according to Robert Audi (Audi, 2009). A person’s beliefs are often the determining factor in whether an action is considered right or wrong. Although ethics are often not explicitly displayed, a person with any sort of moral belief tends to have a grasp about what is considered ethically right or wrong. These obligations attempt to create a mirror image of how one would expect to be treated themselves. Audi states that there are ten moral obligations that serve as a model for how to assess ethical dilemmas. The following obligations are moral obligations that help to assess ethical dilemmas: justice, non-injury, fidelity, veracity, reparation, beneficence, self-improvement, gratitude, li berty, and respectfulness (Audi, 2009). Once these moral obligations are engraved into someone’s mind, it is much easier for a person to make a decision based on ethical grounds. Financial reporting is an example of an ethical problem for an organization or business. Many busin... ... Ethics are mainly used by individuals as guidance in making ethical decisions. Social responsibility is dependent on ethics, but ethics is independent of social responsibility and can stand on its own. Works Cited Audi, R. (2009). Business Ethics and Ethical Business. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. Berenbeim, R. E. (2006, May 12). Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility. Vital Speeches of the Day, pp. 501-504. Carroll, A. B. (1996). Business & Society: Ethics and stakeholders management. Cincinnati: South-Western College Publishing. James E. Post, A. T. (2002). Business and Society: Corporate Strategy, Public Policy, Ethics (10th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Reed, B. (2011). The Business of Social Responsibility. Retrieved from Dollars and Sense Real World Economics: http://www.dollarsandsense.org/archives/1998/0598reed.html

Reaction to Raisin in the Sun/Dream Defered Essay

This poem resonated with me more so than any other so far. It starts out with a simple question about a dream that gets put off and the raisin is a metaphor for the dream or idea that is perished in the blazing sun. The writer uses such vocabulary to ignite all senses to describe the raisin as decaying, festering and stink like rotten meat. IT seems as so the dream is the source of pain for the writer and the ills that accompany the chasing of the dream are pain, anguish and torture. The use of the sun I found to be significant as the sun is the source of all life and covers the whole world and to the individual, the raisin, it causes an unbearable torment. The dream in this poem is not indicated but given the context of the writer I assumed it could be used to explain what we know to be the American Dream where a man can be happy and enjoy life in his own home away from persecution of society. I would compare that that the pain in this poem like the sores and heavy load are the day to day hardships he faces to achieve his dreams. The last line is significant as along with the other lines in the poem he poses questions but this last line is terminal. There are no more transformations the dream can do but to explode and be destroyed completely. This suggests either he gives up or the things that keep him from achieving his dreams causes him to break down and crack mentally perhaps. In â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† we see a typical African American Family with each member having their own dreams and ideas of what they want out of life. They each chase what they believe to be a â€Å"way out† for them and take steps to get there. What keeps this family from achieving them are hardships like lack of money, lack of support and resources that perhaps non-African Americans have. The play depicted the everyday life of African Americans in a way that all cultures can understand. The resemblance to actual people Hansberry invented a situation that was realistic and could be understood by anyone who has ever wanted a better situation in life. The comparison of the poem of Langston Hughes â€Å"Dream Deferred† makes the topic and characters even more realistic. It asks the question what would happen if someone worked all their lives for a dream and was unable to achieve it. And the play shows the audience the real life events of those thoughts and questions in the poem. A Raisin in the Sun is a complicated movie with many levels of social aspects entwined. The movie shows the oppression that was occurring to African Americans at the time especially in housing exploitation. . Walter is just angry at society and wants more of life and himself. Mama and Ruth are more concerned with just getting by and providing better opportunities for the next generation by buying a house and giving it to Travis. Willy Harris steals from his own to get ahead by stealing Walter’s money for the store. Beneatha most represents a feminist who fight the system by wanting to become a doctor and gain an education and fights society’s expectations of her as a black woman. Between the play, movie and poem the ideas expressed transcend too many people and can be considered timeless. As humans we all want better situations and gain a piece of the American Pie that we perceive others to have. We recognize when we are oppressed and persecuted against and which to elevate away from them.

Marketing 4 Ps

A STUDY ON ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONS AT RAHUL MOTORS A suffer betray k forthwithn submitted to SRM University, In incomplete fulfilment of the requirement for the award of The degree of overlook OF BUSINESS ADMINSTARTIONS Submitted by AMIT PRASAD (3511110732) Under the pleader of Mr. G. VENUGOPALAN (Assistant Professor) SRM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT SRM UNIVERSITY KATTANKULATHUR CAMPUS KANCHEEPURAM-03 MAY2012-JULY2012 DECLARATIONI AMIT PRASAD do obtain that the entrustigate bothot entitled A STUDY ON ORGANISATIONAL FUNCTIONS from RAHUL MOTORS in HOOGHLY (WEST BENGAL) submitted to the SRM UNIVERSITY for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of conquer Of Business Administration is my aver design and it has non been submitted earlier to all entry / university for all degree. PLACE Chennai Date feeling of the coffin naildidate AMIT PRASAD REG NO 3511110732 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is a matter of great satisfaction and merriment to beat This Report of RAHU L MOTORS tungsten Bengal.I communicate this prospect to Owe my thanks to al bingle those complex in my Training. This project report could non turn in been completed without the Guidance of our film director of the play along, Avijit Roy and project Venugopalan . Their timely help & boost helped me To complete this project successfully. I take my gratitude towards staff of RAHULMOTORS those Who pose helped me immediately or indirectly in complete the Training. AMIT PRASAD forego When e realbody is providing what is expected Fro m him/ he r, the pe rson de livering the U n e x p e c t e d to its customers succeeds in the long run.In forthwiths trade say, it is no longer plenty to satisfy the Customers, the manufacturer hopes to savor them as comfortablyhead. To Conquer the modern wrinkle world one ask to be one-step ahead of its competitors. MBA is conspiracy of twain theoretical as well as practical aspects of championship and summer readiness conduces a good hazard to scat in a real carry environment. This Project report is the result of 8 weeks procreation at RAHUL MOTORS. It has pull inn(p) me a great exposure and I afford on a lower floorcoat practical survive very opposite from theoretical ones. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYI had an opportunity to take my summer interns project RAHUL MOTORS Hooghly westbound Bengal. During the project I had a privilege organism guided by MR. Avijit Roy, director of The c eacher-out. The m otherwise rail line of the fraternity is to debauch and Sell auctions Vehicles in the trade. The caller was tar buy the farmup in 2000 and in the rawly five more(prenominal) companies pose been established During the Last courses . The tittle of my project was a analyze of establishment endure. The objective of choosing these effect was learn how the Work is done in an organic law. With great hard work I stupefy tried to show in report how work ar being done in the organization .I lo ok forward to this report volition not endure the just another academic schedule but volition in all practically prove to be a use full tool for large direction to the RAHUL MOTORS, which is the earnest call from the maven of my heart. AMIT PRASAD RAHUL MOTORS SECRETS OF SUCCESS There argon hundreds of profession books and number of journals And magazines published every social class on successful problem Operation. However, in nutshell, it discount be distilled in 8 study(ip) Secret which atomic number 18 as personifys. ? 1st mysterious is that successful companies ar not in business whole for the money. Henry Ford remarked that a club which only suck ins money is no motley of order at all. Strong culture, high-velocity than other, friendly and goal oriented. ? Try to pull in the customers, what customers actually springs that be understand by the troupe not vague nous, need aspiration and behavior. ? T he y k n o w w h a t i s i mp o rt a n t a n d t h is i s re fl e c t e d i n t h e i r impulsion of their employees. ? Successful companies atomic number 18 inexorable and p o w e r f u l communicator. People keep in forgeation and twinkling(prenominal) idea to themselves or communicate with a select few. ? Not a secret at all keep combine in simple practice and principles is the charge of the chosen few. Leader in sense overall activities he control ability and skill. ? Make profit but make customer delight. RAHUL MOTORS BELIEVES IN ? The fact that alternative is a air of life. ? Absolute mart orientation for a quick and supportive response to the customers needs. ? An rigorous commitment to a flexible, professional and reckon-to-faceised serving from within a touch on result oriented environment. ? Timely manner of speaking with consistent standards. ? Response approach to the benefits of R&D and the modern technology. ? Having faith in single potential drop and respect for man values. ? Being a esponsible c orporate citizen with imputable respect to the laws of the land and its environment. ? Product to be the best open quality for premium market subdivisions. ? These underline the corporate philosophy, which has influence RAHUL MOTORS OF YESTERDAY and RAHUL MOTORS OF TODAY. Products to be of the best available quality for premium market segment through TQM an d zero soil implem entation. For achieving in all functional beas, encouraging innovations for constant improvement of the harvest-time and service. Having faith in your skill and ability. Alship fecal matteral emb dodderyen and motivate your group. Believe in loyalty.RAHUL MOTORS assimilation AND ASPECTS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Professionalism System Approach Commitment To shade Excellence With Economy Cost cognizance military man vision Regarded As precious Asset Emphasis On commandment and developing Preference To clement prize centering By Participation extend Door Policy In manduction Ideas And S uggestions Group Synergy Emphasis on effective communication and coordination Managerial posture and acceptance to change Cordial milieu Customer Focus Honor And requite ? ORGANISATION STRUCTURE BOARD OF music director S CHAIRMAN/ MANAGING DIRTECTOR VICE PRESIDENTMANAGER staff SUB STAFF FIG (1. 0) palingenesis IN LITERATURE OF groceryING In the sequence of strategic abbreviation and decision, merc move overise immingle falls after diverse external and internal environmental compend such as SWOT analysis and in time formulation of competitive strategies . merc chokeising mix is an interpretive concept in modern merchandise and academically it is referred to as the set of controllable tools that the firmly start to bring about the responses it wants in the target market. So, it consists of everything that the firm hatful do to influence the need for their harvest. t is strategic to release that market mix of all high society give up merchant ship get under ones skin one major functions that is strategic communication of the organization with the customers. It was gain argued that market mix depicts multiple paths atomic number 50 be achieved in written form or through communication (advertising and selling etc) or umteen more symbolic forms. However the key divisor is that the meaning(a) aspects of selling mix that get out be discussed be depleted should not be seen as individual entities but as the set of Interrelated entities which has to be set in conjunction with one another.Main aspects of marketing mix The earliest way to k straightaway marketing is through more famous synonym 4ps of marketing the classification of initiatory marketing mix was first pull in and suggested by mccarthy and includes marketing strategies product, charge, place promotions . the interest diagram is useful in determing the 4ps in marketing mix. ? PRODUCT In simpler terms product consists of all features and combination of goods that the beau monde offers to its customers . LAZER argued that the more or less important aspects for briny dickens reasons.The very first is the product be the expressions for the ships friendship determining the tie beam with the customers. so the product form _or_ administration of government and dodging are the prime immenseness to an enterprise. Secondly, it is lordly to realize that the product of each high society is a both component and antigenic determinant of marketing mix as it Hs a great influence in other marketing mix. So, without a prudish insurance policy a ac caller-up cannot pursue for the gain element of marketing mix. ? PRICE set is sanctionedally a setting of outlay for a product or service Offered. n simplest way kotler confound reveal wrong that an amount of money salaried by the customers for a product. Generally set strategy has been divided into two move footing determination and terms administration. determine determination refers to as the process and activities industrious to arrive at a price for a product within the corresponding line and differences in price for a convertible product. On the other hand price price for a similar product. On the other hand price administration refers to the activities in fitting basic price to a particular gross revenue situations such as local , function performed by the customers or special gross revenue situations. PLACES Places under marketing mix compromises all play along activities that make the product to the targeted customers . ground on the various performers such as sales, communication , contractual considerations various slipway of making product available. On a general note while mean a arrangement under marketing mix strategy society follow six different strategy for the placement or so of the strategy are choosing teddy-by-case or multiple distribution channels, the eccentric person of intermediaries to use on quality and reputations. ? PROMOT IONSPromotional strategy include all through which a go with communicates the benefits and values of its product. The best way of understating these p is through the concept of the marketing communication process. The actual message is the publicizing or sales presentations the destinations of potential customers. destination At last I can conclude that the accompany abide reached the due date level in the market and the straight-laced strategies and ideas Can reach the goal which the company wants to achieve. The Utilization of imaginativenessfulness and work force can similarly achieve benefits For the growth of the company.The organization function of the company is a important part of Any organization. RAHUL MOTORS have a very architectural planned functions that are compete in the company. RECOMMENDATION ? The company should have its own website, as it helps to locate more customers. ? The location of the corporate single-valued function should be changed to the h eart of the city. ? The company should make a investments on proper advertisements to capture major part of markets. ? The customers should be ever be ac familiarityd about the new product of the company. BUSINESS ASSOCIATES OF THE partyAs the company is rising twenty-four hourstime by twenty-four hour period the companies have Collaborated with different principal companies who are the Business leaders in the market of west Bengal. The associates Are generally affirms and restitution company who does the Businesswith RAHUL convocation of companies. The associates of the company are helping RAHUL MOTORS in different ways by providing coin to the caller-out. The company directly waiver to collaborate with more companies , now presently companies is working with roughly of the leading of the companies are as follows- ? MAGMA FINCORP LTD ?CITICORP FINANCE INDIA LTD ? RELIGARE FINVEST LTD ? TATA working capital LTD ? RELIGARE CAPITAL LTD ? KOTAK MAHINDRA BANK LTD ? INDUSIND BANK LTD ? mod INDIA ASSURANCECOMPANY LTD ? BAJAJ ALLIANZ GENENAL insurance policy COMPANY LTD ? ICICI LOMBARD GENERAL INSURANCE CO. LTD MARKET treat OF THE COMPANY RAHUL MOTORS -15% OTHERS- 85% Market Share Rahul Motor Others FIG-2. 0 GROWTH OF THE COMPANY 6 5 4 Axis Title 3 appendage 2 1 0 2008 2009 2010 Axis Title 2011 2012 FIG-3. 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 56 lac 70 lac 01 cr 02 cr 05 cr (TARGET) GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Urban, 12%Semi-Urban, 48% Rural, 40% FIG-4. 0 COMPTEITIORS OF THE COMPANY A company when gets into business, they need tackle some(prenominal) things . the most important problem company need to face is that, the competitors need to be careful with their ideas and strategy. As in the case of RAHUL MOTORS the company need to face galore(postnominal) competitors . RM have their different strategy for the against company . During the old eld the company have growned many opponents in their business . some of the major competitors of RAHUL MOTORS are as follows- L AXMI MOTORS AMIT MOTORS DILIP SAHA & COMPANYThese are some of the major opponents of the company. FIVE family PLAN OF THE COMPANY On the solid ground of the company progress reports and with the help of the past records, company has planned to grow the company and become the major player in the market. The company have different ideas and plan for their new and existing product. The company is mean to grow their field in pay sector that is the company have an idea to get into the loan business. For an example the bank take into accounts loan on the basis of the needs of Customers. Some of the major plans of the companies which are as follows- They are press release start a new venture which would provide notes to the customers against gold, which is a new form financing system for the customers , which is too known as gold loan. ? Next plan of the company is to make the company a esoteric Limited company which would help the company to grew Faster in the market . These are some of the above plans of the company . the most Important step the company is going to take in the hereafter is that, The company is going to grow their business with their own funds which means own reinforcement for the company, which is the crucial step the company is going to take for their future business.GEOGRAPHICAL AREA The geo life identical shows the optimum areas of business of the bon ton. The Data provided by the company was significant for me to analyze the areas where the company has more Percentage of Customersandless. In others words, we can say that the company the companys market capture in western Bengal. A graphical presentation have showed that how the company has captured the market. Some of the areas of the company areas are as follows- ? Semi-urban areas 48% ? Rural areas 40% ? Urban areas 12 % These are some of the areas where the company have capture the market GROWTH OF THE COMPANYDuring the last 5 years , the company have shown positive Growth w ithout having any decline in any of the business. In 2008 the net investment was or so 56 lakhs and now in 2012 the company have invested around 5 corers. The sum up investments shows the progress of the company. The net total investments was interpreted of last 5year to obtained a Graphical (fig-2. 0) copy regarding the growth of the company. tender RESOURCE policy OF THE COMPANY The RAHUL GROUP Human imaging department plays a very monumental and important office staff to keep the consort between the Employees and caution.The company have exact and Convenient policy for the employees . the companys Management always showed their employees that they are the Assets of the companies and the employees to a fault feel homely purlieu in the offices . some of the companies HR policy Which are as follows, ? LEAVE insurance policy The employee can take 12 deceases in a year subject to acclamation of the authority. Before taking any leave, employee has to devote for leave a t least terzetto years prior for one/two leave and for long leave harbor minimum ten old age. If anybody is found taken leave without approval, his/her leave allow for be treated as LOP (Loss of pay). sextette leaves can be enchased after completing the year. Its includes medical/illness. However, special medical cases go forth be taken into consideration. Employee can take half sidereal day leave for his personal work. ? ATTENDANCE POLICY Employee has to be present within 10. 30 a. m. and sign the attending register book immediately. After 10. 30 nobody will be given permission to sign thereof and the employee will be marked as new-fangled for this day. Leave related record will be taken from the register book. If any employee does not sign for specific day and convey after some days that this is person was present on that day.His/her demand will be strictly rejected. If any employee is found late for three days in a month, one leave will taken from his/her leave acc ount. If anybody has face any problem or have any urgent work in the morning, he/she come late for that day but subject to approval of the authority. He/she has to inform for that matter. Without entropy his/her attendance will be marked as late. If anybody is found present all working day within 10. 30 a. m. and leave office 7. 00 p. m. , he/she will be will be rewarded for his/her punctuality and dedication for the work. mental process APPRAISALS The performance review is done bi-yearly in the organization The promotions in the organization are usually governed by the following agentive roles How well an employee performed in his / her present job. How much potential an employee has for future responsibilities. How much additional knowledge he / she have acquired for further advancement. personalized attribute, work habits, attitude towards self and others, ability to get along with the group, leadership qualities, personal contribution to the success of the company dete rmines his / her competence for promotion.Feedback given by all those who work with the employee such as his / her superiors, subordinates, peers and the customers. ? EMPLOYEES RECREATIONS Birthdays and parties are create for the employees on Specific day and month . Arrangement are done by the Companies HR. The of import motive of these parties in the Company is to change the environment of work to Something different the parties includes all the employees Including directors of the company. On the other hand Picnic is also unionized every year for the companies Employees which is an compulsory event organized by HR Team of the company. MARKET RESEARCHMarket investigate often refers to either primal or secondary Research. Secondary research involves a company using nurture compiled from various sources which is about new or existing product. Primary research involves soft research and quantative research as well as field taste and observations conducted for tailor-made spe cifically to that product. Primary research which is also called field research or pilot film research is useful for determineing informations and acquire customers views and feedback. During the survey for my report I visited many of the customers who are the new and also the exiting customers.While communicating with them I examine that Rahul repulses always try to ststisfy their customers in any circumstances , for an example the company provide smooth monthly installments EMI for the vehicles . As the live scenarios of the market I observed in the west Bengal is that, the customers dont want invest on the new Vehicles as because the interest rate and the subsidy on the Vehicles are very high. So they are going for the used vehicles. Here the Rahul motor is playing a great role towards the Customers by financing the vehicles at low interest rate and Good offers.Rahul motors always segmented their customers in Different categories which makes the easy to wish with the Cus tomers. The company can provide the product what the Customers for his/her use. Market research resulted that the Company have generated the maturity stage in the market and it seems the decline stage would not come for these company . MARKET SHARE OF THE COMPANY The total market make out of the company is about 15% throughout West Bengal, which is being assumed by the company. After Analyzing the company annual report it has shown progress During the last years.Therefore the company has targeted more Profits in the coming year for the development. From the data provided by the company. A graphical (1. o) diagram Has been obtained and which made easy to make an Analysis of the total market share. committee OF THE COMPANY either company has respect and goal which they always want to Fulfill. RAHUL GROUP OF COMPANIES have some target And also dreams which they want to achieve during the past long time some of the target of the company is as follows- ? The very first dream of the c ompany is to get the no. position in the market. ? They want to spread their business in the different states of India. ? As they are expanding their business they are going to recruit employees for their companies. intent This study is done in retentiveness following objectives in view ? To get out the present status of the railway car industries in India. ? To study the market research of automobile industries. ? To study the distribution and the marketing strategy adopt by the automotive industries. OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY Established in 2000and was started by Roy family .It is a family Owned business , The Shareholders of the company are the Family members, ? Ranjit Roy ? Avijit Roy ? Indrajeet Roy They are the directors of the company . The perplex business of The company is to buy the vehicles from the auctions ,For an vitrine they buy those vehicles whose installments cannot be Paid by the customers and generally the vehicles are taken by The insurance company or the ve hicles which customers want To Sell they buy those cars also, For these work they have 100+ Employees all over west Bengal and their target is to recruit to more Than five hundred+ employees for the company within 2 years.They started with one company and within 2000now they have groups of company which are as follows, ? RAHUL MOTORS reputation of business is to buy and sell auctions vehicles in the market, they generally sell the mercantile vehicle like trucks. ? TANVI PARKING The actual motive of these company is to provide parking place to the private vehicles. ? RITISHA MOTOR GARAGE The service department provides all kinds of repairs to the customers vehicles by using the proper workforce and engineers for the vehicles . ? RAHUL MOTOR FINANCE This company is one of the oldest non-banking and financial services organizations in West Bengal.Through a globalize interlocking linked by advance technology, including a rapidly growing e-commerce capability, Rahul Motors provides a encyclopedic financial starting financing old and new vehicles. ? RAHUL RELCON PVT. LTD This is a new organization of RAHUL GROUP of companies. Rahul relcon is a construction company who builds apartments and flat for the customers. As it new company in the group, It need to face many competitors in the market. PRODUCT OF THE COMPANY A veridical object or intangible summation services that is mass produced or manufacture on a large exceed with specific units.The product of Rahul motors is a tangible object as their product is the commercial vehicles for example car and trucks. They actually deal in the old and used vehicles for their business. The company does the hard job to get the vehicles . their main out sourcing is to get the vehicles from the auctions and the also the toss out vehicles, which they refurnished it once again and after that they get back to the customers. PRICE OF THE COMPANY The price is the amount a customer for the product. It is fixed by a number of factor including market share , Competitions, material represent etc. he business may increase or Decrease the price of product if other hive aways have the alike(p) Product. In the case of Rahul motors the price is the main factor for them they always provide the vehicles in a reasonable rate and even they provide financing options for the customers. Rahul motors always give their customers value for money and the company also help the customers several ways like free service and many more. PROMOTIONS OF THE COMPANY Promotions represent all of the communications that a marketer may use in the market place. Promotions has four distinct element which are as follows- ? ? ? ?Advertising domain relations Word of mouth oral sex of sale Rahul motors always follow all above the policy. The company does not invest in any advertisement as because it can make extra investments on the company . the main outsourcing of the company is the employees who communicates with the customers who are willing to buy and sale their vehicles. These system help the company to get directly to the customers. PLACE OF THE COMPANY Place represents the locations where a product can be Purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel It can include any physical store as well as virtual(prenominal) stores on the internet.The company generally deal in the Commercial vehicles so they have targeted the semi urban Areas of the state where they find maximum number of Customers for their product. REVIEW IN LITERATURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE Every business unit needs gentlemans gentleman resourcefulness (manpower) for the conduct of different business activities. In fact, no plaque can exist or operate efficiently without the support of kind-hearted resource. Such kind resource includes top level managers, executives, supervisors and other subordinate / lower level staff / employees.A business placement has to estimate its future manpower needs and adjust its manpower planning and development programmes accordingly. This is called staffing function of management. Human resource management is also describe as personnel management or manpower management. gibe to Edwin Flippo, Personnel Management is the planning, organizing , directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration and sustentation of concourse for the purpose of contributing to organizational, individual and social goals.Various areas such as recruitment and selection, wage payment and industrial l relations are covered under human resource management. Human Resource Development Human Resource Development (HRD) means to develop available manpower through suitable methods such as training, promotions, transfers and opportunities for career development. HRD programmes create a team of welltrained, efficient and capable managers and subordinates. Such team constitutes an important asset of an enterprise. One organisation is different from another mainly because of the people (employees) working therein. According to Peter F .Druker, the prosperity, if not the survival of any business depends on the performance of its managers of tomorrow. The human resource should be nurtured and used for the benefit of the organisation. Human resource is most important resource in management and needs to be used efficiently. This is because success, stability and growth of an organisation depend on its ability in acquiring, utilizing and developing the human resources for the benefit of the organisation. In the final analysis, it is the people (i. e employees) who produce promising results and generate a climate conductive to the growth and development of an organisation.HR is a highly productive corporate asset and the overall performance of companies and corporations depends upon the extent to which it is efficaciously developed and utilised. It is the most delicate factor of production and need not be treated merely as a commodity to be bought and used in factories. According to Peter Drucker, The function of management is to manage managers, workers and work. The importance of manpower in business management is now universally accepted. Employees have a readiness to grow and develop, if suitable opportunities are offered.They give positive response to monetary and nonmonetary incentives, training opportunities, favorable work environment and motivation. According to Pigors and Myers, Good management means getting effective results with people. This suggests the importance of human resource. Human resource is certainly important even in this age of elongated use of computer technology. This is because machine cannot be used as a substitute for human brain which has capacity to think, appraise and react. It is correct to say that man is a power rather than man has a power.Progressive / professional managements invest huge funds on training and development of human resource and this suggests the importance of human resource and its contribution in industrial and scotch development. Professionally managed companies in India such as Larsen and Toubro Ltd, TELCO, Reliance, etc. , give specia l importance and good attention to HRD. CHAPTER 1 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2 merchandising MIX BIBLIOGRAPHY ? MARKETING MANAGEMENT by Philip kotler ? MARKETING MANAGEMENT by pondicherry university WEBSITES ? www. google. com ? www. scribd. com ? www. wikepedia. co. in

“Is Reengineering and Strategy Implementation Just Another Management Fad or Does It Offer Something of Lasting Value?”

1. 0 ingress Implementation is the ch all told(a)enge that comes at the end of all unused (and old) methods for improving systems. Strategic be after, architecture development, depart heed, total timbre guidance, current information systems technologies, and re-engineering, atomic fig 18 slightly of the c formerlypts that atomic compute 18 be advocated to effect a al-Qaida feeler organisational procedure. Advocates of individually concept, however, fight when questioned somewhat masteryful writ of execution (Deshpande and Parasuraman, 1986).Strategic readiness literature abounds on how to develop a plan, hardly thither is comparatively little said about how to implement a strategicalalal plan once it is veritable. Reengineering is a radical rethinking of an organization and its cross- structural, end-to-end do byes (Hammer, 1993). aft(prenominal) its introduction reengineering had taken corporations by storm. In a survey of over 500 master(prenominal) information officers (CIOs), the average CIO is dissembled in 4. 4 re-engineering projects (Moad, 1993). Walmart (example 1) is seen as one of the masteryful executers of reengineering. condescension the fermentation over reengineering, however, the rate of ill luck for re-engineered projects is over 50 per penny (Stewart, 1993). Hammer and Champy (1993) estimate as overmuch as a 70 per cent ill luck rate. Luthfansa AG (example 2) is one such company. Such is the piazza that reengineering is strike offled as a direction rage. This paper encounters to explore the facets of dodge carrying out, reegineering that and analyze the label of passion is a worthy one or does the dickens offer a stand uping cheer. 2. 0 Literature Re watch over 2. The evolution of reengineering The concept of reengineering was first base presented in two articles published simultaneously by Hammer (1990) and Davenport and Short (1990). Reengineering is a totally new approach with regard to t he ideas and models used for improving occupation Hammer and Champy (1993). The reengineering approach is a result of the combining of concepts from contrasting schools, including strategic IT systems, prize, systems thinking, industrial engineering, and technological mental hospital. The wobble magnitude power of ustomers, competitors and todays constantly changing problem environment, forced many brass instruments to recognise the pauperisation to move away from concentrate on discordant(prenominal) tasks and functions to guidance on much communicated, integrated and co-ordinated shipway of prevail out by looking at trading operations in terms of backup actiones (Davenport, 1993). 2. 2 delineate reengineering Several enquiryers and practitioners prep ar delimitate reengineering in disparate ways with different emphases. The hobby atomic number 18 some of those definitions the rudimentary rethinking and radical re excogitate of ancestry puzzle outes t o happen upon salient improvements in censorious, contemporary measures of performance, such as price, prize, service and speed (Hammer and Champy, 1993, p. 32). a methodical surgical ferment that uses information engineering to radically overhaul chore regale and thereby attain major(ip)(ip)(ip) descent goals (Alter, 1990, p. 32). The fundamental frequency rethinking and redesign of operating work ates and organisational structure, focused on the organisations core competencies, to achieve striking improvements in organisational performance (Lowenthal, 1994, p. 2). During the last tenner, many authors pass produced ideas regarding what reengineering really is. And thus, to conclude that there is only a single theoretical pro stead underpinning reengineering remains debatable. The following table shows that there are three placeable spots to reengineering as suggested by Tinnila (1995), i. e. strategic, practicable and organisational perspectives. pic body-build 1 Summary of definition of reengineering (Khong and Richardson, 2003) Despite the differences in definitions, and terminology, the speech pattern in all hese definitions and in the reengineering - colligate literature, is on redesigning bank line helpes using a radical IT-enabled approach to organisational change. 2. 3 The need for reengineering Reengineering is motivated by international drivers, natural drivers, or some(prenominal). External drivers are related generally to the addd aim of competition, the changes in guests needs, IT changes, and changes in regulations (Grover etal. , 1993). cozy drivers are mainly related to changes in both organisational strategies and structures. External driversThe increasing level of competition in the global market has emphasised the need for organisational innovation to cope with global standards of products and services. reengineering is approached as a cats-paw to improve dramatically backing performance and raise warring p osition (Schnitt, 1993). First National trust of Chicago (example 3), reengineered in entrap to keep up with the stiff global competition Davenport (1993a), also consider that re-engineering is driven by the never-ending needs of guests to look for better services and products.IBM Credit Corp (example 4) reengineered in the main for satisfying the customer or providing superior customer service. Owing to the unsettled changes in the global parentage environment, social life, technological and organisational practices, and economical situations, new rules and regulations are introduced to reflect these changes (Plowman, 1995). Yellow Freight (example 5) decided to reengineer because of outdoor(a) factors related to governmental or political pressure. congenital drivers Many organisational strategic and structural changes are centred on IT-enabled reengineering (Venkatraman, 1993).Parcel Service (example 6), found that they had to improve their engine room in order to survive in the competitive shipping commercial enterprise. Changes in organisational schema whitethorn involve some reengineering motions to bring about the new line of descent desires (Keen, 1991). The desire to reduce cost was one major reason that led First National rim of Chicago (example 7) to reengineer. Changes of capability in terms of runes, methods, skills competencies, attitudes and behaviours drive out also be considered as internal drivers (Plowman, 1995).Arco chemical substance (example 8) is one such company who reengineered to achieve dramatic company-wide improvements, increase organizational efficiencies, and reduce byput measure. Plowman (1995) views vocation transformation as a journey driven by a strategy that links short-term changes to capability in terms of attendes, skills and style, with long changes to position the business among its competitors and customers. Ryder System Inc (example 9). reengineering efforts began with a rethink of its view of the market and a readaption of the companys strategic focus.The following is a figure masking the result of survey (example 10) on the factors that trigger reengineering in the UK pic Figure 2 Factors driving reengineering (Tennant and Yi-Chieh, 2005) The following is a figure showing the result of survey (example 11) on the goal and butts meant to be achieved by dint of reengineering in the UK pic Figure 3 Goals and objectives of reengineering (Tennant and Yi-Chieh, 2005) 2. 4 What characterises reengineering Focus on business subprogrames Reengineering focuses on the core concept of business march or else than on function, product or service.As business dish upes are the personal manner in which work gets done within an organisation, they are a distinguishing diagnostic among organisations (Venkatraman, 1994), and thus a portentous factor stellar(a) to competitive edge (Hinterhuber, 1995). In addition, the elimination of operable bias can only be coveringper done by adop ting process orientation to lucre substantial business improvement (Andreu etal. , 1997). By focusing on core activities, Singapore Airlines (example 12) reengineered efforts are expect to help Singapore grow 8-10 er cent per year until the end of the decade. noneion of radicalness Reengineering involves radical and fundamental changes, and it evolves from the need to recognise that long- set up ways emphasising on figure and cost cutting are being replaced by organisational focus towards improving quality, the customer, and innovation, rather than (Hammer, 1990). Honey vigorous Inc (example 13) in order to keep up with the global competition reenginerined their process from being focused on efficiency to being focued on quality Use of ITHammer (1990) considers IT as a major tool and a fundamental enabler of reengineering efforts and emphasises the need to use modern IT to jut out for its carrying out. IT reshapes and creates new sound business processes in that it has the pot ential to drive on the flow of information betwixt globally-distributed processes, and ensures the availability of instant(prenominal) and consistent information across the business (Tapscott and Caston, 1993). Hesperian Provident (example 14) is a company which is spotted for protracted of engineering.Need for organisational change Reengineering results in change, and triumphful reengineering instruction execution requires fundamental organisational change in terms of organisational structure, burnish and heed processes (Davenport, 1993a). CIGNA engineering (example 15) Services went through a cultural change, from a focus on technology to one on processes and business performance. Change charge is a tool used to manage such a change. 2. 5 Reengineering approaches, methodologies, proficiencys and tools Reengineering approachesReengineering approaches can be viewed found on the different focuses that reengineering efforts may emphasise IT, strategy, quality vigilance, oper ations, and forgivingkind resources (Edwards and Peppard, 1994a). According to Klein (1994), Reengineering is considerationual and believes that having a unified approach to it is impossible. Reengineering methodologies Caterpillar (example 16) tied much of its cost saving success to its reengineering methodology (Paper and Dickinson, 1997). Its methodology is self-opinionated as it provides a disciplined problem-solving approach and acts as a rallying point for everyone involved along the process path.Many structure- base methodologies fork up been proposed for reengineering capital punishment. However, roughly befool common elements and view reengineering efforts as a top-down capital punishment project (Earl and Khan, 1994). Figure 4 summarises the major stages of eight object lesson reengineering methodologies. Figure 4 Reengineering methodologies pic (Kettinger et al. , 1997) Despite the differences among these methodologies, they all confirm that some essential fa ctors moldiness exist, such as strategies and goals cathode-ray oscilloscope feasibility abbreviation of a reengineering project process analysis and mountaining top management consignment and sponsorship fellow feeling of customer requirements and performance measurement integration with TQM and benchmarking recognition of IT capabilities cross-functional teams and intercourse prototyping and process purposeping techniques and organisational change to re-engineer management systems and organisation. Reengineering techniques Kettinger etal. (1997) show that at least 72 techniques are used to verbalize out ctivities related to reengineering projects. These techniques were al almost all developed in other contexts and imported to the reengineering field. Each technique is mapped to their associated stages in the reengineering fabric. and describe some as representative of distributively stage in the framework. pic Figure 5 Framework for Reengineering (Kettinger et a l. , 1997) Kettinger etal. (1997) also suggest an approach of selecting techniques for a specific reengineering project. This approach, however, presumes that a customised methodology has been developed in advance.Based on the objective of their activity, he range 11 groups under which a scrap of techniques are identified. pic Figure 6 Groups of reengineering technique (Kettinger et al. , 1997) 2. 6 system execution of instrument Bartlett and Ghoshal (1987, p. 12) noned that in all the companies they studied the issue was not a abject understanding of environmental forces or inappropriate strategic intent. Without exception, they knew what they had to do their difficulties lay in how to achieve the incumbent changes.Supporting this, Miller (2002) reports that organizations fail to implement more(prenominal) than than 70 percent of their new strategic initiatives. abandoned the import of this area, the focus in the field of strategic management has now shifted from the fo rmulation of strategy to its implementation (Hussey, 1998). There is no agreed-upon and dominant framework in strategy implementation. Concerning this, horse parsley (1991, p. 74) has stated that hotshot chance upon reason why implementation fails is that practicing executives, managers and supervisors do not have practical, yet theoretically sound, models to guide their actions during implementation.Without nice models, they try to implement strategies without a good understanding of the multiple factors that must be reference booked, often simultaneously, to soak up implementation work. Warid Telecom (example 17) precisely fail to their process for this reason when they started operation in Bangladesh According to Alexander (1985), the ten most frequently occurring strategy implementation problems include underestimating the time needed for implementation and major problems surfacing that had not been anticipated, in addition robustious factors in the external environment ha d an adverse impact.Beer and Eisenstat, (2000) states that top-down/laissez-faire senior management style unclear strategic intentions and conflicting priorities an ineffective senior management team poor vertical communication wanton co-ordination across functions, businesses or borders and inadequate down-the-line leadership skills development are also burning(prenominal) reasons for implementation failure . It is recognised that such change requires a share vision and consensus and failures of strategy implementation are essential if competency, coordination and commitment are lacking (Eisenstat, 1993).Biman Bangladesh Airlines (example 18) has been in totters for the last decade due to its poor strategy implementation which can be credited to the above reasons. majestic (1999b, p. 132) has further noted that There is a epoch-making need for detailed and comprehensive conceptual models related to strategy implementation. To date, implementation research has been fairly di sjointed due to a lack of clear models on which to build. There are important similarities between the front frameworks in terms of the attain factors forwarded and the assumptions made.Similarities between frameworks that former researchers have grouped the implementation factors into a pattern of categories as follows context, process and outcomes (Bryson and Bromiley, 1993) planning and design (Hrebiniak and Joyce, 1984) realizers and enablers (Miller, 1997) capacity, context and operation (Dawson, 1994) content, context, process and outcome (Pettigrew, 1987 Okumus, 2001) framework and process component part (Skivington and Daft, 1991) context and process (Schmelzer and Olsen, 1994) contextual, system and action levers (Miller and Dess, 1996). tetrad areas of groupings emerge from an analysis of the above categories. Considering the role and characteristics of each implementation factor, those 11 implementation factors identified in the first place can further be g rouped into iv categories strategic content, strategic context, process and outcome. Strategic content includes the development of strategy. Strategic context is further carve up into external and internal context. The former includes environmental scruple and the internal context includes organizational structure, finale and leadership. operative process includes operational planning, resource allocation, state, communication and control. take includes results of the implementation process. pic Figure 7 Framework for strategy implementation (Okumus, 2001) 2. 7 Factors related to implementing reengineering The following analyses the reengineering implementation process by reviewing the relevant literature on reengineering efforts. They are categorised into a number of subgroups representing various dimensions of change related to reengineering implementation. These dimensions areFactors relating to change management systems and burnish Change management, which involves al l human- and social-related changes and cultural adjustment techniques needed by management to facilitate the intro of newly-designed processes and structures into working practice and to push-down store effectively with resistance, is considered by many researchers to be a crucial component of any reengineering efforts (Carr, 1993). Effective communication throughout the change process at all levels and for all audiences, is considered a major key to successful reengineering -related change efforts (Davenport, 1993).Discontinues in leadership, and lack of communication modifyd the reengineering failure at Teleco (Example 19) As reengineering results in decisions being pushed down to lower levels, mandate of staff and teams to establish a culture in which staff at all levels feel more responsible and accountable and it promotes a self-management and collaborative teamwork culture is critical for successful reengineering (Mumford, 1995). Empowerment was at the sprightliness of r eengineering Honeywell (example 20) when they reengineered.Training and education in reengineering -related concept, skills, and techniques as well as interpersonal and IT skills, are an important component of successful reengineering implementation (Zairi and Sinclair, 1995). FixCo (example 21) carried out a number of workshops for training the staff about their reengineering process. Factors relating to management competence Sound management processes ensure that reengineering efforts will be implemented in the most effective manner (Bashein et al. , 1994). The most oticeable managerial practices that directly influence the success of reengineering implementation are top management support and commitment, championship and sponsorship, and effective management of risks. Organisational culture influences the organisations ability to adapt to change (Hammer and Champy, 1993). It helps in understanding and conforming to the new values, management processes, and the communication style s (Bruss and Roos, 1993).. Corporation ABC (example 22) needed to create an organizational culture ready to change as they had to redesign their quality systems.Commitment and leadership in the speed echelons of management are often cited as the most important factors of a successful reengineering project (Rastogi, 1994). equal authority and knowledge, and fit communication with all parts in the change process, are important in dealing with organisational resistance during reengineering implementation (Hammer and Champy, 1993). baksheesh level commitment was the key for successful implementation of reengineering in Blue Shield California (example 23)Factors relating to organisational structure As reengineering creates new processes that define jobs and responsibilities across the existing organisational functions (Davenport and Short, 1990), there is a clear need to create a new organisational structure which determines how reengineering teams are going to look, how human resour ces are integrated, and how the new jobs and responsibilities are going to be formalised. Mobil Oil (example 24) had a rethink of there organizational structure in their reengineering.Cross-functional reengineering teams are a critical component of successful reengineering implementation (Johansson et al. , 1993). Teams should be adequately composed (Hagel, 1993). Team members should be experienced in variety of techniques (Carr and Johansson, 1995). Teams should be made up of the great unwashed from both inside and outside the organisation (Hammer and Champy, 1993). self-sufficiency Mutual (Example 25) used cross-functional teams and loss prevention talented to implement the reengineering process Factors related to reengineering project management boffo reengineering implementation is highly dependent on an effective reengineering programme management which includes adequate strategic conjunction, effective planning and project management techniques, appellation of performance m easures, adequate resources, appropriate use of methodology, external orientation and learning, effective use of consultants, expression process vision, effective process redesign, integrating reengineering with other improvement techniques (Zairi and Sinclair, 1995), and adequate identification of the reengineering value (Guha et al. 1993). Honeywell (example 26) would be a prime example in their execution of redesigning their quality measures. As corporeal strategy determines objectives and guidance on how organisational capabilities can be best utilised to wee competitive position, reengineering strategy (Hammer, 1990). Therefore, a consideration of the strategic context of growth and expansion (Bashein et al. 1994), creating a top-level strategy to guide change (Carr, 1993), and careful alignment of corporate strategy with reengineering strategy (Jackson, 1997) are crucial to the success of reengineering efforts. Mitsibushi Electric Corp (example 27) took immense heed in this factor. Factors related to IT root Factors related to IT infrastructure have been increasingly considered by many researchers and practitioners as a vital component of successful reengineering efforts (Brancheau et al. 1996). Effective alignment of IT infrastructure and reengineering strategy, building an effective IT infrastructure, adequate IT infrastructure investment decision, adequate measurement of IT infrastructure effectiveness, straightlaced IS integration, effective re-engineering of legacy IS, increasing IT function competency, and effective use of software tools are the most important factors that contribute to the success of reengineering projects.Connecticut Mutual manners (example 28), reengineered their complete IT infrastructure in order to increase productivity. Figure 8 Factors related to the implementation of reengineering (Al-Mashari and Mohamed, 1999) 2. 8 Definition of furor solicitude crazes are defined as managerial interventions which appear to be in novative, rational, and functional and are aimed at encouraging better organizational performance. 2. 9 Characteristics of fadsCost/benefit analysis One moderator of fad evolution is the cost/benefit of the intervention, although these two variables may significantly differ depending upon whether the organization adopts a short-term or a long-term perspective (Laverty, 1996) as with a long-term perspective may be more apparent to sustain and draw a fad sufficient time to draw and quarter positive benefits, propelling it to trend or joint wisdom status. But short-term gains should also be evident to encourage the resilience needed for long-term rewards to be realized (Chaudron, 1996).Degree of difficulty in implementation Differences between expected ease of implementation and actual ease of implementation will contribute to an organizations desire to persist in the courses of action required by the fad. If a fads implementation process is no more difficult than expected, it is more likely to evolve into a trend. Effectiveness of the fad Effectiveness is measured in terms of realized improvement in operational performance. Following adoption of a fad, firms may chance themselves incapable, effective, efficient, best-in-class, or adult male class.Fads which assist organizations in moving upward on this continuum will likely become institutionalized and mature into a trend or collective wisdom. 2. 10 Life cycle of a fad A significant predictor of whether firms will likely adopt fads is the stage at which the intervention is set(p) in the life-cycle of fads. Fads typically progress through an established life-cycle (Ettorre, 1997), although the length of time required for progression to each of these stages varies (Crainer, 1996). offers significant benefits, in terms of both number and strength is adaptable to the specific needs of an organization addresses the underlying cause of a problem rather than a symptom fits with other common interventions a nd programs in place (for example 29, TQM and MBO programs are antithetical in that their basic tenets are contradictory) and is supported by key users and proponents, as well as by objective assessments of effectiveness 3. 0 Strategy implementation and reengineering in practice The case of Honeywells TotalPlantTM paradigm 3. 1 TotalPlantTM at Honeywell The Honeywell industrial automation and control (IAC) deeds designs world-class systems that enable process-control capability. In 1999, senior management decided to implement a solid ISO 9000-certified quality program in order to unify business and control information to enable global customer satisfaction. This program was named TotalPlantTM. Four critical principles The TotalPlantTM paradigm is based on four critical principles of success (1) outgrowth mapping. suffice mapping is crucial for employees to see the enceinte picture as opposed to focusing exclusively on their role within the procedure. It also creates a common la nguage for dealing with changes to business processes. (2) Fail-safing. season process mapping diagrams the entire flow of a business process, fail-safing is done to diagnose a reproach within the process. (3) Teamwork. Teamwork does not occur naturally. Honeywell encouraged teaming through special workshops, by creating a manufacturing vision that fostered teamwork and by endorsing cross-training. 4) Effective communication skills. Communication of the TotalPlantTM vision is paramount to success. Honeywell provided conflict resolution training to teams to help them deal with conflict in a positive way. (Paper et. al, 2001) 3. 2 Application of literature Honeywell learned a number of lessons as a result of their TotalPlantTM program, all of which have implications for any coming(prenominal) initiatives. They discovered that people are the key enablers of change you must question everything people need a systematic methodology to map processes creating eam ownership and a cul ture of dissatisfaction ensures more employee fight management attitude and behavior can vanquish projects bottom-up or empowered implementation is most effective reengineering must be business-driven and continuous setting stretch goals can facilitate greater employee effort implementation is the real difference between success and failure. Change is a fundamental aspect of reengineering. Top management needs to communicate to its people why the change is necessary and how it will impact everyones current job and future with the company.Sufficient time and resources is dedicated to ensuring that the organization as a hearty understood, wanted and supported change. 4. 0 Conclusion and pass Implying the term fad with reengineering is apparently a moot issue. If taken into context of the definition and characteristics a fad has, reengineering does hold a number of features that creates an aura which surrounds a fad. Its pledge of being strategy which improves performance by i mproving productivity and efficiency and its disguised genius of the ease of implementation does engender staggering delusion to that of a fad.Moreover, there are issues where reengineering would probably go past short when it comes to its exploitation as a trend. Reengineering unremarkably wouldnt fit into an organization culture, in contradictory the management is forced to create new culture where in order to adopt reengineering. Conversely, reengineering does also manipulate features that are a requisite for being a trend or wisdom. If implemented aptly, reengineering does provide significant benefits that simply cant be ignored. Its linkup with improvement in efficiency, productivity, and quality of product or service, is an asset that any company would desire to attain.Furthermore, reengineering does address the underlying cause of the problem and with the support and commitment of top management in its implementation process it can provide a lasting value to a business . Hallmarks, Hewlett-Packard (example 30) are to name a couple of companies who have benefited from reengineering. What really made the difference is proper implementation. 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